methods of separation of substances
Methods Of Separating Mixtures
Now Let us discuss these methods in detail below.
1..Handpicking
Handpicking process
This method involves simply picking out all the unwanted substances by hand and separating them from useful ones. The separated substances may be an impurity that has to throw away or maybe that both the separated substances are useful.
For example – if you separate black grapes from green ones from a mixture of the two.
2..Threshing
Threshing process
This method is mostly done during the harvesting of crops. Normally, the stalks of the wheat are dried once it is harvested. The grain is then separated from the stalks and grounded into the floor by beating the dry stalks to shake off the dried grains.
3..Winnowing
Winnowing process
When the grains are collected from the process of threshing, it needs to be cleared out of husks and chaffs before it is turned into flour. Normally the separation of the mixture is carried out with the help of wind or blowing air. The husk and chaff are blown away by the strong wind when the farmers drop the mixture from a certain height to the ground. The heavier grains are collected at one place.
4..Sieving
Sieving process
It is done to separate mixtures that contain substances mostly of different sizes. The mixture is passed through the pores of the sieve. All the smaller substances pass through easily while the bigger components of the mixture are retained.
5..Evaporation
Evaporation process
Evaporation is a technique that is used in separating a mixture usually a solution of a solvent and a soluble solid.
In this method, the solution is heated until the organic solvent evaporates where it turns into a gas and mostly leaves behind the solid residue.
6..Distillation
Distillation process
When mixtures consist of two or more pure liquids then distillation is used. Here the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized, condensed and then isolated. The mixture is heated and the component which is volatile vaporizes first. The vapour moves through a condenser and is collected in a liquid state.
7..Filtration or Sedimentation
Filtration process
The most common method of separating a liquid from an insoluble solid is the filtration Take, for example, the mixture of sand and water. Filtration is used here to remove solid particles from the liquid. Various filtering agents are normally used like filtering paper or other materials.
Sedimentation process
Sedimentation is a process by which heavier impurities present in liquid normally water settle down at the bottom of the container containing the mixture. The process takes some amount of time.
8..Separating Funnel
Separating funnel is used mainly to segregate two immiscible liquids. The mechanism involves taking advantage of the unequal density of the particles in the mixture. Oil and water can be easily separated using this technique.
9..Magnetic Separation
Magnetic Separation process
When one substance in the mixture has some magnetic properties then this method is quite useful. Strong magnets are commonly used to separate magnetic elements.
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